Lexical Meaning
Lexical meaning is the meaning found in the dictionary so it can be said that the lexical meaning also includes the literal meaning or the actual meaning. Moreover, lexical meaning refers to linguistic symbols that mean policy. From a linguistic point of view, this type of meaning refers to the actual meaning that even without context can stand on its own. The procedure of lexical meaning or lexical elements is as follows.
- Naming ( naming ) or labeling ( labeling ): A person’s experience and knowledge are empirically utilized here as a symbol embodied in a word.
- Paraphrase: The meaning component is analyzed in more depth by considering the point of view of the description .
- Definition : Paraphrases are developed so that the meaning can be explained in more detail
- Classification : A class of linked words that can be accompanied by their characteristics.
Judging from the variations, lexical meaning can be divided into several things:
1. Synonyms
Synonyms are word equivalents. Words found in a dictionary (lexicon) have a kinship of meaning with other words, for example
- man—man—boy—man—jaka
- Handsome — handsome — strong — handsome — handsome — handsome
- Wise — wise — wise — scholar — intellect
- Jokes — funny — funny
- Love — love — love — love
2. Antonyms
Antonyms are opposite words. Actually, determining antonyms is more difficult than synonyms. This is because antonyms are not always opposite between two words. For example, since childhood we are used to saying that heat is the opposite of cold . However, between hot and cold there is another condition, namely lukewarmness . In addition, there are conditions of reversal or reverse , for example removing the reverse direction by wearing . That is, it takes sensitivity of meaning in determining antonyms. Briefly, antonyms can be exemplified, among others.
- Solid as opposed to deserted .
- Dark is the opposite of light .
- Thick against thin .
3. Homonyms
Homonyms are words that not only sound the same as other words, but also in writing based on PUEBI. However, homonyms have different meanings. For example, the word moon in a given context can have more than one meaning. The moon is defined as a satellite of the earth that reflects light from the sun to the earth and illuminates the earth at night. On the other hand, the moon is interpreted as a unit on the calendar. In addition, the word distance can not only mean the interval space between two materials, but can also mean shrubbery ( Ricinus Communis ).
4. Hyponim
Hyponyms are words that lexically represent a particular group or set. Words that contain one type of lexical meaning represent many things so that generalizations occur. For example, the vehicle lexicon represents words, such as motorcycle, bus, car, scooter, etc.
5. Meronim
The opposite of a hyponym, a meronim is a word that represents a part of the whole. In other words, meronim can represent other, more comprehensive meanings. For example, the word finger represents a part of the whole, namely the hand ; the word page represents a part of the whole, i.e. the book ; the word window represents a part of the whole, namely the house .
Grammatical Meaning
Grammatical meaning is the meaning that is created after a word is arranged into a sentence. In other words, this meaning appears in its syntactic behavior. This meaning comes in several types after experiencing affixation, reduplication (repetition), composition, phrase formation , clauses, and ending with a sentence. If viewed from the structure of language and its syntactic behavior, grammatical meaning can be divided into several groups, among others.
1. Paraphrase
Prephrases are rearranging words to form new sentences by retaining their original meaning or idea. It is created from the linguistic concept that there are many ways to achieve one meaning. For example, I am the only child of a puppet that can be rearranged so that I do not have any siblings . In addition, it can also be in the form of Anastasia always coming at the right time can be rearranged into Anastasia never comes too late .
2. Entailmen
The meaning created from the process of formation that is also related to other meanings. A meaning can be a summary of other related meanings. For example, Luffy is currently not working with Luffy is currently unemployed . Another example, Derana went to school at SMAN 99 Jakarta the same as Derana is a student of SMAN 99 Jakarta .
3. Presumption
Another name for presupposition is presupposition which means the meaning derived from the presumption. For example, all rich people are attractive , friendly villagers , people with sharp noses , etc.
4. Contradiction
Contradiction is a term that refers to the resulting meaning is contradictory. For example, a poor family who has a car , the sad feeling makes his heart happy , etc.
5. Tautologists
Tautology can be defined as a term that refers to the resulting meaning of fixed value. That is, there is no content in the sentence because everyone has agreed to it. For example , my mother is a woman , President Soekarno is a man , etc.
Contributors: Adip Prasetyo, S. Hum.
Indonesian Literature Alumni FIB UI
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