The 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia is the constitution of the state of Indonesia. As a state constitution, of course it regulates basic matters relating to the life of the nation and state
A. Territory of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia
The territory of the State of Indonesia is regulated in Article 25 A of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia.
1. Mapping the Territory of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia
Indonesia is the largest archipelagic country in the world. The area of our country is 5,180,053 km², which consists of a land area of 1,922,570 km² and an ocean area of 3,257,483 km².
Indonesia’s marine area is divided into three types
- Territorial Sea Zone
- Continental Shelf Zone
- Exclusive Economic Zone
2. Territorial Boundaries of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia
- West: Indian Ocean
- To the east: Papua New Guinea and the Pacific Ocean
- South side: Indian Ocean
- North side: Malaysia
B. Position of Indonesian Citizens and Residents
Indonesian citizens and residents are regulated in Article 26 of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia.
1. Indonesian Citizen Status
Indonesian citizens are original Indonesians and foreigners who are legalized as Indonesian citizens.
2. Principles of Indonesian Citizenship
The principle of citizenship is the basis for thinking in determining whether a person is included in the group of citizens of a particular country. According to the explanation of the Republic of Indonesia Law Number 12 of 2006 concerning Citizenship of the Republic of Indonesia, it is stated that Indonesia in determining citizenship adheres to the following principles.
- Asas blood
- Asas right alone
- The principle of single citizenship
- The principle of dual citizenship is limited
3. Requirements to become an Indonesian citizen
The original inhabitants of the State of Indonesia are automatically Indonesian citizens. Meanwhile, foreign nationals can become citizens by submitting an application to the Indonesian government. The application process is called citizenship or naturalization. Naturalization is divided into two, among others
- Ordinary naturalization
- Special naturalization
4. Causes of Loss of Indonesian Citizenship
The causes of the loss of Indonesian citizenship are, among others, due to:
- Acquire another nationality of his own free will.
- Not rejecting or not giving up other citizenships.
- Entry into the service of a foreign army without the permission of the president.
- etc
C. Freedom of Religion and Belief in Indonesia
Religious freedom in Indonesia is regulated in Article 28 E, Article 28 I, and Article 29 paragraph (2) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia.
1. Definition of Freedom of Religion and Belief
Freedom of religion and belief implies that every human being is free to choose and carry out religious teachings according to his beliefs and beliefs.
2. Building Religious Harmony
Harmony of religious people is the mental attitude of religious people in order to create a compatible life without distinguishing rank, social position and level of wealth. Harmony of religious people is meant to build and maintain good relations in association between people of the same religion and different religions.
D. National Defense and Security System of the Republic of Indonesia
The defense and security system of the Indonesian State is regulated in Article 30 of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia.
1. Substance of Defense and Security of the Republic of Indonesia
The defense and security system developed is a universal people’s defense and security system with the TNI and POLRI as the main forces, while the people are the supporting forces.
2. . State Defense Awareness in the Context of the State Defense and Security System
State defense awareness is essentially a willingness to serve the country and sacrifice for the sake of defending the country. Efforts to defend the country other than as a basic obligation are also an honor for every citizen that is carried out with full awareness, responsibility and willing to sacrifice in service to the country and nation.