Definition of the word absorption
Absorption words are words that come from languages outside Indonesian that have been integrated into the Indonesian form by various methods, such as adoption, adaptation, levies, creations from regional or foreign languages /countries, etc. Pronunciation and spelling can be adjusted according to applicable regulations. In addition, if viewed from the absorption, loanwords can be made with changes, but can also be done in the form of pronunciation or spelling adjustments.
In general, loanwords function to increase vocabulary and equip Indonesian users with more foreign language knowledge. In addition, the characteristics of loanwords have only one meaning, do not have synonyms and antonyms in sentences, and there is no change in their meaning.
Types of Breakfast Words
There are several ways to enter or register a foreign language in Indonesian, among others.
- Adoption
Adoption is the process of acquiring foreign vocabulary that has the same meaning in Indonesian by not changing spelling, pronunciation, and writing. Examples of English loanwords in adoption include supermarkets, movies, golf, buses, and others.
- Adaptation
Adaptation is the process of entering foreign words that are used because they have the same meaning in Indonesian, but these words undergo changes in spelling, pronunciation, and writing according to the rules of the General Guidelines for Indonesian Spelling (PUEBI). Some examples of English words were absorbed into Indonesian in this process, for example, the word klir which was adapted from the word clear , actor which was adapted from actor , transportation which was adapted from transportation , etc.
- Charges
The process of foreign words being absorbed in this type occurs because Indonesian speakers take basic concepts from their mother tongue. The word is then searched for a translation into Indonesian. Some examples of loan words from English in this type include the word spare parts to become a spare part , the word try out becomes a trial , the word download becomes download , and so on.
- Absorbed Words from Regional Languages
One of the most widely used loanwords comes from local or regional languages, such as Javanese and Sundanese. Examples of words from regional languages are those that are absorbed, among others.
– Javanese language
Vocabulary derived from Javanese, both Old Javanese and New Javanese, we often find in the use of Indonesian. This is caused by
The majority of the Indonesian population uses the Javanese language. Moreover, when viewed from the number of users, the Javanese language is one of the largest among other regional languages in Indonesia (Suwanto, 2016:167).
- Powerful words become magic
- innocent words become innocent
- The word finished is finished
- Easy words become easy, big words become big,
In addition to Javanese, there is another language that is close to language kinship, namely Sanskrit. Sarujin (2010:13) states that there are two ways to introduce Sanskrit into Indonesian, namely directly and indirectly. Sanskrit first entered into the Old Javanese language indirectly. These ancient words were used in the ancient Javanese language and then entered into Indonesian. Example,
- The word gambhira becomes happy
- The word grace becomes a gift
- Asthana says become palace
- The word vaca becomes read
- The word bhaga becomes like
- The word story becomes a story
- Absorbed Words from Foreign Languages
If you have ever read a book entitled “9 out of 10 Indonesian Words Are Foreign” by Alif Danya Munsyi or better known as Remy Sylado, it becomes clear that the unified language of the Indonesian nation is formed from linguistic interactions which are the result of interactions between nations for a long time. . The foreign languages in question, including:
- English
Judging from the quantity, most Indonesian words ending in -si come from English, such as the word transformation into transformation , acceleration becomes acceleration , transmigration becomes transmigration , etc.
2. Dutch language
Judging from the historical relationship, the Dutch language had colonized Indonesia so that kinship in loanwords became something that could not be avoided. Example,
- The word envelope becomes envelope
- The word horloge becomes a watch
- The word apotheek becomes a pharmacy
- The word annulled becomes annulled
- The word entreanen becomes a queue
- The word office becomes office
- The word gage becomes salary
3. Portuguese
Like the Dutch language, Portuguese has a close kinship relationship because the Portuguese had colonized the Indonesian people, especially for the eastern part of Indonesia. Example,
- The word garfo becomes a fork
- The word janela becomes a window
- The word journal becomes a journal
- The word manteiga becomes butter
- The word saco becomes a pocket
- The word false becomes fake