A. Decentralization or Regional Autonomy in the Context of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia
1. Decentralization
Decentralization is something that is independent from the center. Decentralization in essence
is a process of handing over part of the authority and responsibility of the affairs that were originally the affairs of the central government to regional government agencies or institutions. The aim is that affairs can be transferred to the regions and become the authority and responsibility of regional governments.
2. Regional Autonomy
Regional autonomy is the flexibility in the form of rights and authorities as well as the obligations and responsibilities of local government agencies to regulate and manage their households according to the conditions and capabilities of the region as a manifestation of decentralization.
3. Regional Autonomy in the Context of a Unitary State
The Republic of Indonesia as a unitary state adheres to the principle of decentralization in the administration of government, by providing opportunities and flexibility for regions to carry out regional autonomy.
The implementation of regional autonomy in Indonesia is carried out in order to improve the welfare of the people, where the development of an area can be adjusted by the regional government by taking into account the potential and uniqueness of each region.
4. Values, Dimensions, and Principles of Regional Autonomy in Indonesia
a. Mark
- Utari value
- The basic value of territorial decentralization
b. Dimension
- Political dimension
- Administration dimension
- County/city
c. Principle
- Unity principle
- Real Principles and Responsibility
- Deployment Principle
- Harmony Principle
- Empowerment Principle
B. Position and Role of Central Government
The administrator of the central government in the state administration system in Indonesia is the president assisted by the vice president, and the minister of state. In relation to the implementation of regional autonomy, the policies taken in administering the government use the principles of decentralization, co-administration, and deconcentration in accordance with statutory regulations.
The central government in implementing regional autonomy has 3 (three) functions.
- Service function
- Setting function
- Empowerment function
C. Position and Role of Local Government
Regional government is the administration of government affairs by the regional government and DPRD according to the principle of autonomy and assistance tasks with the principle of autonomy as wide as possible within the system and principles of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia.
The implementation of regional government uses the principle of autonomy and co-administration. The medebewind principle is the participation of local governments to carry out government affairs whose authority is wider and higher in the area.
The authority of the regional government in the implementation of regional autonomy is carried out broadly, intact and unanimously, which includes planning, implementation, supervision, control, and evaluation in all aspects of government.
D. Structural and Functional Relations between Central and Regional Governments
1. Structural Relations between Central and Regional Governments
In the system of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia, there are two ways that can connect the central government and local governments. The first method, called centralization, is that all affairs, functions, duties, and authorities of the administration of government rest with the central government whose implementation is carried out in a deconcentrated manner. The second method, known as decentralization, is that all government affairs, duties and authorities are left to the fullest extent possible to local governments
2. Functional Relations between Central and Regional Governments
Basically, the central government and local governments have a complementary authority relationship with each other. The relationship lies in the vision, mission, goals, and functions of each. The vision and mission of these two institutions, both at the local and national level, is to protect and provide space for freedom for regions to cultivate and manage their own households based on regional conditions and capabilities.